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"India, at the present juncture, does not have the choice between welcoming and spurning foreign investment. If I may be frank, foreign investment is an imperative. What we can do is to encourage foreign investment that is consistent with our economic objectives," he said.
Fending off 'junk'
Budget 2013: No tax slab revision, new taxes on super rich;
SUVs, mobiles costly
The government unveiled new taxes on the rich and large
companies on Thursday to fund higher-than-expected spending for the next fiscal
year, in a budget that aimed to revive growth amid the country's worst slowdown
in a decade ahead of a 2014 election.
Stocks, bond prices and therupee all fell despite finance
minister P Chidambaram's vow to cut next year's fiscal deficit to 4.8% of GDP,
which some watchers said counted on ambitious revenue assumptions given hefty
spending targets.
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There had been widespread expectation, fuelled in part by comments by finance ministry officials, that Chidambaram would present an austere budget in line with the spending cuts he forced on government ministries in recent months.
There had been widespread expectation, fuelled in part by comments by finance ministry officials, that Chidambaram would present an austere budget in line with the spending cuts he forced on government ministries in recent months.
But the spending plan appeared to have been drawn up with a
looming general election in mind, some economists said.
"With a general election not much than a year away,
political pressure from within the Congress Party may well have had an
influence on the make-up of the Finance Minister's budget," Credit Suisse
said.
Union Budget 2013-14 of India Highlights |
Chidambaram, a three-time finance minister seen as a
candidate for prime minister in 2014, has staked his reputation on cutting
swollen fiscal and current account deficits that have alarmed credit rating
agencies and triggered warnings that India's sovereign bonds could be
downgraded to 'junk' status. There was no immediate comment from the agencies.
"Fiscal consolidation cannot be effective only by
cutting expenditure," Chidambaram said in his speech, seen as a balancing
act to stave off a credit rating downgrade while meeting demands for populist
spending heading into an election year.
Hefty revenue growth assumptions
Total budget expenditure will rise by an unexpectedly high
16% in the 2013/14 fiscal year that begins on April 1 to 16.65 trillion rupees.
Next year's fiscal deficit target is in line with
expectations but assumes hefty revenue growth, including 558 billion rupees
from the sale of government stakes in companies, or more than double the 240
billion rupee target for the current year, which falls short of the initial
target.
"From a macro perspective, the budget is disappointing
in our opinion as it lacks any expenditure control," Nomura analysts
wrote.
The budget also assumes revenue of 408.5 billion rupees from
telecoms sector fees, more than double what it will generate this year, with
its next auction of mobile airwaves poised to flop after attracting just one
bidder.
"The government may fall short of its tax and
disinvestment targets and end up cutting spending closer to the end of the year
to attain its fiscal deficit target," said A. Prasanna, economist at ICICI
Securities Primary Dealership Ltd.
Net market borrowing of 4.84 trillion rupees for the new
fiscal year met investor hopes that
the figure would not top 5 trillion rupees, but the gross figure exceeded
expectations.
The budget included several measures to spur investment both
in markets and by corporations, including an incentive on investments in plant
and machinery exceeding 1 billion rupees and extending tax breaks for small
companies that grow larger, and an expansion of tax-free bonds for
infrastructure.
Chidambaram has focused on winning back foreign investors unnerved by proposals of his predecessor, Pranab Mukherjee, to tax merger deals retrospectively and clamp down on tax evasion. Since September, he has implemented a spate of investor-friendly reforms, including allowing entry of foreign supermarkets.
Chidambaram has focused on winning back foreign investors unnerved by proposals of his predecessor, Pranab Mukherjee, to tax merger deals retrospectively and clamp down on tax evasion. Since September, he has implemented a spate of investor-friendly reforms, including allowing entry of foreign supermarkets.
"India, at the present juncture, does not have the choice between welcoming and spurning foreign investment. If I may be frank, foreign investment is an imperative. What we can do is to encourage foreign investment that is consistent with our economic objectives," he said.
Fending off 'junk'
India's fiscal and current account deficits have alarmed
investors and ratings agencies, triggering warnings that the country's
sovereign bonds could be downgraded to 'junk' status if urgent steps are not
taken to rein in spending.
Chidambaram has staked his reputation on hitting a fiscal
deficit target of 5.3% of GDP this year and 4.8% in 2013/14.
A no-nonsense, Harvard-educated, lawyer who commands both
respect and fear in government, he squelched opposition from cabinet colleagues
worried that spending cuts could ignite a backlash among voters.
Chidambaram has focused on winning back foreign investors
unnerved by proposals of his predecessor, Pranab Mukherjee, to tax merger deals
retrospectively and clamp down on tax evasion. Since September, he has
implemented a spate of investor-friendly reforms, including allowing entry of
foreign supermarkets.
Dozens of corporate executives, watching a telecast at an
industry event, exchanged nervous smiles as Chidambaram introduced the
surcharge on the rich.
"In the larger scheme of things, I guess that is one
way of reducing his deficit. Am I going to lose sleep over it? No," Ganesh
Natarajan, CEO of IT outsourcer Zensar Technologies, told Reuters by phone.
A flagging economy left Chidambaram with little room for
big-bang populist measures without raising revenue, with economic growth for
the current fiscal year on track to hit just 5%, nearly half of what it was in
2007/08.
"This country must not lose any time - India must get
its act together to accelerate the tempo of growth," Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh said in a TV interview after the budget speech.
The budget also reflects the realities of a country of 1.2
billion people, many of them poor.
"On the one side is the economic policy, on the other
side is economic welfare. We are a developing country. The link between policy
and welfare can be expressed in a few words: Opportunities, education, skills,
jobs and income," Chidambaram said.
HT Poll:
Hey, big spender
While the added spending included capital investment that
many have said is sorely needed, including a 29% increase in funding for
infrastructure and development, it also included a 46 percent jump in funding
for development programmes in rural areas, the core voter base of the ruling
Congress party.
An added surcharge on local firms with incomes of more than
100 million rupees and a 10% surcharge on individuals with taxable incomes
topping 10 million rupees - a level of earnings currently declared by just
42,800 people - will be put in place for one year.
Dozens of corporate executives, watching a telecast at an
industry event in New Delhi, exchanged nervous smiles as Chidambaram introduced
the surcharge on the rich.
"In the larger scheme of things, I guess that is one
way of reducing his deficit. Am I going to lose sleep over it? No," Ganesh
Natarajan, CEO of IT outsourcer Zensar Technologies (ZENT.NS), said by phone
from Pune, where the company is based.
Indian economic growth for the current fiscal year is on
track to hit just 5 percent, nearly half its level in 2007/08.
"This country must not lose any time - India must get
its act together to accelerate the tempo of growth," Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh said in a TV interview after the budget speech.
The budget also reflects the realities of a country of 1.2
billion people, many of them poor. "On the one side is the economic
policy, on the other side is economic welfare. We are a developing country. The
link between policy and welfare can be expressed in a few words: Opportunities,
education, skills, jobs and income," Chidambaram said.